.. _GeneralChapter:

What is Bareos?
===============



Bareos is a set of computer programs that permits the system administrator to manage backup,
recovery, and verification of computer data across a network of computers of different kinds.
Bareos can also run entirely upon a single computer and can backup to various types of media,
including tape and disk.

In technical terms, it is a network Client/Server based backup program. Bareos is relatively easy
to use and efficient, while offering many advanced storage management features that make it easy
to find and recover lost or damaged files. Due to its modular design, Bareos is scalable from small
single computer systems to systems consisting of hundreds of computers located over a large network.

.. _History:

History
-------

Bareos is a fork of the open source project `Bacula <https://www.bacula.org>`_ version 5.2. In 2010
the Bacula community developer Marco van Wieringen started to collect rejected or neglected
community contributions in his own branch. This branch was later on the base of Bareos and since
then was enriched by a lot of new features.

This documentation also bases on the
`original Bacula documentation <https://www.bacula.org/5.2.x-manuals/en/main/main/>`_,
it is technically also a fork of the documentation created following the rules of the
GNU Free Documentation License.

Original author of Bacula and its documentation is Kern Sibbald. We thank Kern and all contributors
to Bacula and it's documentation. We maintain a list of contributors to Bacula (until the time we've
started the fork) and Bareos in our
`AUTHORS <https://github.com/bareos/bareos/blob/master/AUTHORS>`_ file.

Who Needs Bareos?
-----------------

If you are currently using a program such as tar, dump, or bru to backup your computer data, and you
would like a network solution, more flexibility, or catalog services, Bareos will most likely
provide the additional features you want. However, if you are new to Unix systems or do not have
offsetting experience with a sophisticated backup package, the Bareos project does not recommend
using Bareos as it is much more difficult to setup and use than tar or dump.

If you want Bareos to behave like the above mentioned simple programs and write over any tape that
you put in the drive, then you will find working with Bareos difficult. Bareos is designed to
protect your data following the rules you specify, and this means reusing a tape only as the last
resort. It is possible to "force" Bareos to write over any tape in the drive, but it is easier and
more efficient to use a simpler program for that kind of operation.

If you would like a backup program that can write to multiple volumes (i.e. is not limited by your
tape drive capacity), Bareos can most likely fill your needs.

If you are currently using a sophisticated commercial package such as Legato Networker, ARCserveIT,
Arkeia, IBM Tivoli Storage Manager or PerfectBackup+, you may be interested in Bareos, which
provides many of the same features and is free software available under the
GNU AGPLv3 software license.

Bareos Components or Services
-----------------------------

Bareos is made up of the following major components or services: Director, Console, File, Storage,
and Monitor services.

.. _DirDef:

Bareos Director
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The Director is the central control program for all the other daemons. It schedules and supervises
all the backup, restore, verify and archive operations. The system administrator uses the |dir| to
schedule backups and to recover files. The Director runs as a daemon (or service) in the background.

.. _UADef:

Bareos Console
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The Bareos Console (:command:`bconsole`) is the program that allows the administrator or user to
communicate with the |dir|. It runs in a shell window (i.e. TTY interface). Most system
administrators will find this completely adequate. For more details see the :ref:`section-bconsole`.

.. _FDDef:

Bareos File Daemon
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The |fd| is a program that must be installed on each (Client) machine that should be backed up. At
the request of the |dir|, it finds the files to be backed up and sends them (their data)
to the |sd|.

It is specific to the operating system on which it runs and is responsible for providing the file
attributes and data when requested by the |dir|.

The |fd| is also responsible for the file system dependent part of restoring the file attributes
and data during a recovery operation. This program runs as a daemon on the machine to be backed up.

.. _SDDef:

Bareos Storage Daemon
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The |sd| is responsible, at the |dir| request, for accepting data from a |fd| and storing the file
attributes and data to the physical backup media or volumes. In the case of a restore request, it
is responsible to find the data and send it to the |fd|.

There can be multiple |sd| in your environment, all controlled by the same |dir|.

The Storage services runs as a daemon on the machine that has the backup device
(such as a tape drive).

.. _DBDefinition:

Catalog
~~~~~~~

The Catalog services are comprised of the software programs responsible for maintaining the file
indexes and volume databases for all files backed up. The Catalog services permit the system
administrator or user to quickly locate and restore any desired file.
The Catalog services sets Bareos apart from simple backup programs like tar and bru, because the
catalog maintains a record of all Volumes used, all Jobs run, and all Files saved, permitting
efficient restoration and Volume management.

Bareos supports PostgreSQL.

To perform a successful save or restore, the following four daemons must be configured and running:
the Director daemon, the File daemon, the Storage daemon, and the PostgreSQL server for
the Catalog service.

.. _section-version-numbers:

Bareos Version Numbers and Releases
-----------------------------------

.. index::
   single: Version numbers
   single: Releases

Bareos :sinceVersion:`20.0.0: Semantic Versioning` follows
`Semantic Versioning <https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html>`_ with a few special considerations:

* If a new major release does not contain backwards-incompatible changes, a subsequent release of
  that major version may still break backwards-compatibility with a previous major release.
* |dir| and |sd| are guaranteed to be backwards-compatible to the |fd| of the previous two major
  releases.

.. _section-BareosPackages:

Bareos Packages
---------------

Following Bareos Linux packages are available (release 25.0.0):

================================================== =========================================================================
**Package Name**                                   **Description**
================================================== =========================================================================
bareos                                             Backup Archiving REcovery Open Sourced - metapackage
bareos-barri-cli                                   Bareos Recovery Imager (Barri) command line tool :sup:`1`
bareos-bconsole                                    Bareos administration console (CLI)
bareos-client                                      Bareos client Meta-All-In-One package
bareos-contrib-director-python-plugins             Additional Director Python plugins, not part of the Bareos project
bareos-contrib-filedaemon-python-plugins           Additional File Daemon Python plugins, not part of the Bareos project
bareos-director                                    Bareos Director daemon
bareos-director-python-plugins-common              Common Python plugins for Bareos Director daemon
bareos-director-python3-plugin                     Python3 plugin for Bareos Director daemon
bareos-filedaemon                                  Bareos File daemon (backup and restore client)
bareos-filedaemon-barri-plugin                     BARRI plugin for Bareos File daemon :sup:`1`
bareos-filedaemon-grpc-python3-plugin              gRPC Python3 plugin for Bareos File daemon
bareos-filedaemon-ldap-python-plugin               LDAP Python plugin for Bareos File daemon
bareos-filedaemon-libcloud-python-plugin           Apache libcloud CEPH plugin for Bareos File daemon
bareos-filedaemon-mariabackup-python-plugin        Mariabackup python plugin for File daemon
bareos-filedaemon-mssql-plugin                     Microsoft Windows SQL Server plugin for Bareos File daemon :sup:`3`
bareos-filedaemon-percona-xtrabackup-python-plugin Perconna xtrabackup python plugin for Bareos File daemon
bareos-filedaemon-postgresql-python-plugin         PostgreSQL python plugin for Bareos File daemon
bareos-filedaemon-proxmox-python-plugin            Proxmox VE plugin for Bareos File daemon :sup:`1` :sup:`2`
bareos-filedaemon-python-plugins-common            Common Python plugins for Bareos File daemon
bareos-filedaemon-python3-plugin                   Python 3 plugin for Bareos File daemon
bareos-storage                                     Bareos Storage daemon
bareos-storage-dedupable                           Dedup friendly volume format support for Bareos Storage backend
bareos-storage-dplcompat                           Droplet compatible support for s3 backends
bareos-storage-fifo                                FIFO support for the Bareos Storage backend
bareos-storage-python-plugins-common               Common Python plugins for Bareos Storage daemon
bareos-storage-python3-plugin                      Python3 plugin for Bareos Storage daemon
bareos-storage-tape                                Tape support for the Bareos Storage daemon
bareos-tools                                       Bareos CLI tools (bcopy, bextract, bls, bregex, bwild)
bareos-traymonitor                                 Bareos Tray Monitor (QT)
bareos-vadp-dumper                                 VADP Dumper - vStorage APIs for Data Protection Dumper program
bareos-vmware-plugin                               Bareos VMware plugin
bareos-vmware-plugin-compat                        Bareos VMware plugin compatibility
bareos-vmware-vix-disklib                          VMware vix disklib distributable libraries
bareos-webui                                       Bareos Web User Interface
python3-bareos                                     Backup Archiving REcovery Open Sourced - Python3 module
================================================== =========================================================================


.. note::
   - :sup:`1` Binaries packages are build only for subscriptions.
   - :sup:`2` Binaries packages are available only for Debian
   - :sup:`3` available only on Windows platforms.

Not all packages (especially optional backends and plugins) are available on all platforms.

Additionally, packages containing debug information are available. These are named differently
depending on the distribution (**bareos-debuginfo** or **bareos-dbg** or ...).

Not all packages are required to run Bareos.

-  For the Bareos Director, the package **bareos-director** and **bareos-database-postgresql**
   are required.

-  For the |sd|, the package **bareos-storage** is required. If you plan to connect tape drives to
   the storage director, also install the package **bareos-storage-tape**. This is kept separately,
   because it has additional dependencies for tape tools.

-  On a client, only the package **bareos-filedaemon** is required. If you run it on a workstation,
   the packages **bareos-traymonitor** gives the user information about running backups.

-  On a Backup Administration system you need to install at least **bareos-bconsole** to have an
   interactive console to the |dir|.




.. _section-BareosBinaryReleasePolicy:

Bareos Binary Release Policy
----------------------------

The Bareos project is fully committed to open-source.

There are different types of Bareos binaries:

#. Bareos Community binaries on https://download.bareos.org/:

   * Publicly accessible
   * Latest build of the current Bareos stable branch at https://download.bareos.org/current/

      * Only the latest build is available.
      * Packages may be marked as pre-releases (``<next-version-number>~pre``) and are published
        after passing an automated testing process.
      * When a new Bareos major version gets released, this repository will also change to the
        new **current** version.

   * Latest build of the Bareos master branch at https://download.bareos.org/next/

      * Only the latest build is available.
      * Packages are marked as pre-releases (``<next-major-version-number>.0.0~pre``) and are only
        published after passing an automated testing process.
      * When the development of a new Bareos major version starts, this repository will also change
        to the new **next** version.

#. Bareos Subscription binaries on https://download.bareos.com/

   * Available in the Bareos Subscription customers repositories.
   * The last three major releases are maintained in https://download.bareos.com/bareos/release/
   * The repositories contain the whole binary history of each release, so that downgrades are
     possible if required.
   * Repositories of discontinued versions stay available.
   * While the repository can be browsed, accessing the binaries requires a Bareos Subscription.

The software in both types of repositories is based on the same source code freely available in
https://github.com/bareos/bareos/. There are no hidden nor open core components.

.. note::

   About ``<next-version-number>~pre`` version numbers:

   Assume the current major release is ``25`` and the latest stable release is ``25.0.1``.
   As soon as some code gets backported to Bareos 25,
   packages with ``25.0.2~pre`` version will get published.
   It means the latest stable current ``25.0.1`` release + newer backported feature that will
   appear in ``25.0.2``.
   Thus your Bareos installation will always run stable tested current software.


For a simple comparison of the two editions, please see the following table:

+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                         |  Community Edition                                                           |    Bareos Subscription                                                         |
+=========================+==============================================================================+================================================================================+
|  **Packages**                                                                                                                                                                           |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Previous major releases | (Source code only)                                                           | `Subscription repository <https://download.bareos.com/bareos/release/>`_       |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Current major release   | `Community repository <https://download.bareos.org/current/>`_               | `Subscription repository <https://download.bareos.com/bareos/release/>`_       |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Development binaries    | https://download.bareos.org/next/                                                                                                                             |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  **Community**                                                                                                                                                                          |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Mailing list	          | `bareos-users <https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/bareos-users>`_                                                                                        |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  **Support**                                                                                                                                                                            |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| without service level   |                                                                              | Available at https://www.bareos.com/product/support/                           |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| with service level      |                                                                              | Available at https://www.bareos.com/product/support/                           |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  **Development**                                                                                                                                                                        |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Source code	          | `GitHub <https://github.com/bareos/bareos/>`_                                                                                                                 |
+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Issue tracker           | `GitHub Issues <https://github.com/bareos/bareos/issues/>`_                                                                                                   |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| New features            | `Join in <https://www.bareos.com/community/join-in/>`_                       | `Co-Funding         <https://www.bareos.com/pricing/#co-funding>`_             |
+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

This binary release policy is in place since Bareos >= 22.


.. _section-BareosPaths:

Bareos Paths
------------

Bareos tries to keep the handling of Bareos as similar as possible across different platforms.
However, the file paths in the packages differ, due to the varying requirements of each platform.

.. list-table:: Bareos Paths
   :header-rows: 1
   :stub-columns: 1

   * -
     - :os:`Linux`
     - :os:`FreeBSD`
     - :os:`macOS`
     - :os:`Windows`
   * - Configuration
     - :file:`/etc/bareos/`
     - :file:`/usr/local/etc/bareos/`
     - :file:`/usr/local/bareos/etc/bareos/`
     - :file:`C:\\ProgramData\\Bareos\\`
   * - Configuration templates
     - :file:`/usr/lib/bareos/defaultconfigs/`
     - :file:`/usr/local/lib/bareos/defaultconfigs/`
     - :file:`/usr/local/bareos/lib/bareos/defaultconfigs/`
     - :file:`$INSTDIR\\defaultconfigs\\`
   * - Scripts
     - :file:`/usr/lib/bareos/scripts/`
     - :file:`/usr/local/lib/bareos/scripts/`
     - :file:`/usr/local/bareos/lib/bareos/scripts/`
     - :file:`$INSTDIR\\scripts\\`
   * - Python plugins (default)
     - :file:`/usr/lib/bareos/plugins/`
     - :file:`/usr/local/lib/bareos/plugins/`
     - :file:`/usr/local/bareos/lib/bareos/plugins/`
     - :file:`$INSTDIR\\plugins\\`
   * - Storage (default)
     - :file:`/var/lib/bareos/storage/`
     - :file:`/var/lib/bareos/storage/`
     - not used
     - :file:`C:\\bareos-storage\\`


Quick Start
-----------

To get Bareos up and running quickly, the author recommends that you first scan the Terminology
section below, then quickly review the next chapter entitled
:ref:`The Current State of Bareos <StateChapter>`, then the :ref:`Installing Bareos <InstallChapter>`,
the :ref:`Getting Started with Bareos <QuickStartChapter>`, which will give you a quick overview of
getting Bareos running. After which, you should proceed to the chapter
:ref:`How to Configure Bareos <ConfigureChapter>`, and finally
the chapter on :ref:`Running Bareos <TutorialChapter>`.

Terminology
-----------

.. index::
   single: Terminology

Administrator
   :index:`\ <single: Administrator>`\  The person or persons responsible for administrating
   the Bareos system.

Backup
   :index:`\ <single: Backup>`\  The term Backup refers to a Bareos Job that saves files.

Bootstrap File
   :index:`\ <single: Bootstrap File>`\  The bootstrap file is an ASCII file containing a compact
   form of commands that allow Bareos or the stand-alone file extraction utility (bextract) to
   restore the contents of one or more Volumes, for example, the current state of a system just
   backed up. With a bootstrap file, Bareos can restore your system without a Catalog. You can
   create a bootstrap file from a Catalog to extract any file or files you wish.

Catalog
   :index:`\ <single: Catalog>`\  The Catalog is used to store summary information about the Jobs,
   Clients, and Files that were backed up and on what Volume or Volumes. The information saved in
   the Catalog permits the administrator or user to determine what jobs were run, their status as
   well as the important characteristics of each file that was backed up, and most importantly,
   it permits you to choose what files to restore. The Catalog is an online resource, but does not
   contain the data for the files backed up. Most of the information stored in the catalog is also
   stored on the backup volumes (i.e. tapes). Of course, the tapes will also have a copy of the file
   data in addition to the File Attributes (see below).

   The catalog feature is one part of Bareos that distinguishes it from simple backup and archive
   programs such as dump and tar.

Client
   :index:`\ <single: Client>`\  :index:`\ <single: File Daemon|see{Client}>`\  In Bareos’s
   terminology, the word Client refers to the machine being backed up, and it is synonymous with
   the File services or File daemon, and quite often, it is referred to it as the FD. A Client is
   defined in a configuration file resource.

Console
   :index:`\ <single: Console>`\  The program that interfaces to the Director allowing the user or
   system administrator to control Bareos.

Daemon
   :index:`\ <single: Daemon>`\  Unix terminology for a program that is always present in the
   background to carry out a designated task. On Windows systems, as well as some Unix systems,
   daemons are called Services.

Directive
   :index:`\ <single: Directive>`\  The term directive is used to refer to a statement or a record
   within a Resource in a configuration file that defines one specific setting. For example, the
   Name directive defines the name of the Resource.

Director
   :index:`\ <single: Director>`\  The main Bareos server daemon that schedules and directs all
   Bareos operations. Occasionally, the project refers to the Director as DIR.

Differential
   :index:`\ <single: Differential>`\  A backup that includes all files changed since the last Full
   save started. Note, other backup programs may define this differently.

File Attributes
   :index:`\ <single: File Attributes>`\  The File Attributes are all the information necessary
   about a file to identify it and all its properties such as size, creation date, modification
   date, permissions, etc. Normally, the attributes are handled entirely by Bareos so that the
   user never needs to be concerned about them. The attributes do not include the file’s data.

File daemon
   :index:`\ <single: File Daemon>`\  The daemon running on the client computer to be backed up.
   This is also referred to as the File services, and sometimes as the Client services or the FD.



.. _FileSetDef:



FileSet
   A FileSet is a Resource contained in a configuration file that defines the files to be backed up.
   It consists of a list of included files or directories, a list of excluded files, and how the
   file is to be stored (compression, encryption, signatures). For more details, see the
   :ref:`DirectorResourceFileSet` in the Director chapter of this document.

Incremental
   :index:`\ <single: Incremental>`\  A backup that includes all files changed since the last Full,
   Differential, or Incremental backup started. It is normally specified on the Level directive
   within the Job resource definition, or in a Schedule resource.



.. _JobDef:



Job
   :index:`\ <single: Job>`\  A Bareos Job is a configuration resource that defines the work that
   Bareos must perform to backup or restore a particular Client. It consists of the Type (backup,
   restore, verify, etc), the Level (full, differential, incremental, etc.), the FileSet, and
   Storage the files are to be backed up (Storage device, Media Pool). For more details, see the
   :ref:`DirectorResourceJob` in the Director chapter of this document.

Monitor
   :index:`\ <single: Monitor>`\  The program that interfaces to all the daemons allowing the user
   or system administrator to monitor Bareos status.

Resource
   :index:`\ <single: Resource>`\  A resource is a part of a configuration file that defines a
   specific unit of information that is available to Bareos. It consists of several directives
   (individual configuration statements). For example, the Job resource defines all the properties
   of a specific Job: name, schedule, Volume pool, backup type, backup level, ...

Restore
   :index:`\ <single: Restore>`\  A restore is a configuration resource that describes the operation
   of recovering a file from backup media. It is the inverse of a save, except that in most cases,
   a restore will normally have a small set of files to restore, while normally a Save backs up all
   the files on the system. Of course, after a disk crash, Bareos can be called upon to do a full
   Restore of all files that were on the system.

Schedule
   :index:`\ <single: Schedule>`\  A Schedule is a configuration resource that defines when the
   Bareos Job will be scheduled for execution. To use the Schedule, the Job resource will refer to
   the name of the Schedule. For more details, see the :ref:`DirectorResourceSchedule` in the
   Director chapter of this document.

Service
   :index:`\ <single: Service>`\  This is a program that remains permanently in memory awaiting
   instructions. In Unix environments, services are also known as daemons.

Storage Coordinates
   :index:`\ <single: Storage Coordinates>`\  The information returned from the Storage Services
   that uniquely locates a file on a backup medium. It consists of two parts: one part pertains to
   each file saved, and the other part pertains to the whole Job. Normally, this information is
   saved in the Catalog so that the user doesn’t need specific knowledge of the Storage Coordinates.
   The Storage Coordinates include the File Attributes (see above) plus the unique location of the
   information on the backup Volume.

Storage Daemon
   :index:`\ <single: Storage Daemon>`\  The Storage daemon, sometimes referred to as the SD,
   is the code that writes the attributes and data to a storage Volume (usually a tape or disk).

Session
   :index:`\ <single: Session>`\  Normally refers to the internal conversation between the File
   daemon and the Storage daemon. The File daemon opens a session with the Storage daemon to save a
   FileSet or to restore it. A session has a one-to-one correspondence to a Bareos Job (see above).

Verify
   :index:`\ <single: Verify>`\  A verify is a job that compares the current file attributes to the
   attributes that have previously been stored in the Bareos Catalog. This feature can be used for
   detecting changes to critical system files similar to what a file integrity checker like Tripwire
   does. One of the major advantages of using Bareos to do this is that on the machine you want
   protected such as a server, you can run just the File daemon, and the Director, Storage daemon,
   and Catalog reside on a different machine. As a consequence, if your server is ever compromised
   it is unlikely that your verification database will be tampered with.


   Verify can also be used to check that the most recent Job data written to a Volume agrees with
   what is stored in the Catalog (i.e. it compares the file attributes), \*or it can check the
   Volume contents against the original files on disk.

Retention Period
   :index:`\ <single: Retention Period>`\  There are various kinds of retention periods that Bareos
   recognizes. The most important are the File Retention Period, Job Retention Period, and the
   Volume Retention Period. Each of these retention periods applies to the time that specific
   records will be kept in the Catalog database. This should not be confused with the time that
   the data saved to a Volume is valid.

   The File Retention Period determines the time that File records are kept in the catalog database.
   This period is important for two reasons: the first is that as long as File records remain in the
   database, you can "browse" the database with a console program and restore any individual file.
   Once the File records are removed or pruned from the database, the individual files of a backup
   job can no longer be "browsed". The second reason for carefully choosing the File Retention
   Period is because the volume of the database File records use the most storage space in the
   database. As a consequence, you must ensure that regular "pruning" of the database file records
   is done to keep your database from growing too large. (See the Console prune command for more
   details on this subject).

   The Job Retention Period is the length of time that Job records will be kept in the database.
   Note, all the File records are tied to the Job that saved those files. The File records can be
   purged leaving the Job records. In this case, information will be available about the jobs that
   ran, but not the details of the files that were backed up. Normally, when a Job record is purged,
   all its File records will also be purged.

   The Volume Retention Period is the minimum of time that a Volume will be kept before it is reused.
   Bareos will normally never overwrite a Volume that contains the only backup copy of a file. Under
   ideal conditions, the Catalog would retain entries for all files backed up for all current
   Volumes. Once a Volume is overwritten, the files that were backed up on that Volume are
   automatically removed from the Catalog. However, if there is a very large pool of Volumes or a
   Volume is never overwritten, the Catalog database may become enormous. To keep the Catalog to a
   manageable size, the backup information should be removed from the Catalog after the defined
   File Retention Period. Bareos provides the mechanisms for the catalog to be automatically pruned
   according to the retention periods defined.

Scan
   :index:`\ <single: Scan>`\  A Scan operation causes the contents of a Volume or a series of
   Volumes to be scanned. These Volumes with the information on which files they contain are
   restored to the Bareos Catalog. Once the information is restored to the Catalog, the files
   contained on those Volumes may be easily restored. This function is particularly useful if
   certain Volumes or Jobs have exceeded their retention period and have been pruned or purged from
   the Catalog. Scanning data from Volumes into the Catalog is done by using the bscan program.
   See the :ref:`bscan section <bscan>` of the Bareos Utilities chapter of this manual for more
   details.

Volume
   :index:`\ <single: Volume>`\  A Volume is an archive unit, normally a tape or a named disk file
   where Bareos stores the data from one or more backup jobs. All Bareos Volumes have a software
   label written to the Volume by Bareos so that it identifies what Volume it is really reading.
   (Normally there should be no confusion with disk files, but with tapes, it is easy to mount the
   wrong one.)

What Bareos is Not
------------------

Bareos is a backup, restore and verification program and is not a complete disaster recovery system
in itself, but it can be a key part of one if you plan carefully and follow the instructions
included in the :ref:`Disaster Recovery <RescueChapter>` chapter of this manual.

Interactions Between the Bareos Services
----------------------------------------

The following block diagram shows the typical interactions between the Bareos Services for a backup
job. Each block represents in general a separate process (normally a daemon). In general, the
Director oversees the flow of information. It also maintains the Catalog.

.. image:: /include/images/flow.*
   :width: 80.0%








.. _StateChapter:

The Current State of Bareos
---------------------------

What is Implemented
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. index::
   single: Implementation; What is implemented

-  Job Control

   -  Network backup/restore with centralized Director.

   -  Internal scheduler for automatic :ref:`Job <JobDef>` execution.

   -  Scheduling of multiple Jobs at the same time.

   -  You may run one Job at a time or multiple simultaneous Jobs (sometimes called multiplexing).

   -  Job sequencing using priorities.

   -  :ref:`Console <UADef>` interface to the Director allowing complete control. Some GUIs are
      also available.

-  Security

   -  Verification of files previously cataloged, permitting a Tripwire like capability
      (system break-in detection).

   -  CRAM-MD5 password authentication between each component (daemon).

   -  Configurable :ref:`TLS (SSL) communications encryption <CommEncryption>` between each component.

   -  Configurable :ref:`Data (on Volume) encryption <DataEncryption>` on a Client by Client basis.

   -  Computation of MD5 or SHA1, SHA2 (256,512) signatures of the file data if requested.

-  Restore Features

   -  Restore of one or more files selected interactively either for the current backup or a backup
      prior to a specified time and date.

   -  Listing and Restoration of files using stand-alone :command:`bls` and :command:`bextract` tool
      programs. Among other things, this permits extraction of files when Bareos and/or the catalog
      are not available. Note, the recommended way to restore files is using the restore command in
      the Console. These programs are designed for use as a last resort.

   -  Ability to restore the catalog database rapidly by using bootstrap files (previously saved).

   -  Ability to recreate the catalog database by scanning backup Volumes using the :command:`bscan`
      program.

-  SQL Catalog

   -  Catalog database facility for remembering Volumes, Pools, Jobs, and Files backed up.

   -  Support for PostgreSQL Catalog databases.

   -  User extensible queries to the PostgreSQL database.

-  Advanced Volume and Pool Management

   -  Labeled Volumes, preventing accidental overwriting (at least by Bareos).

   -  Any number of Jobs and Clients can be backed up to a single Volume. That is, you can backup
      and restore Linux, Unix and Windows machines to the same Volume.

   -  Multi-volume saves. When a Volume is full, Bareos automatically requests the next Volume and
      continues the backup.

   -  :ref:`Pool and Volume <DirectorResourcePool>` library management providing Volume flexibility
      (e.g. monthly, weekly, daily Volume sets, Volume sets segregated by Client, ...).

   -  Machine independent Volume data format. Linux, Solaris, and Windows clients can all be backed
      up to the same Volume if desired.

   -  The Volume data format is upwards compatible so that old Volumes can always be read.

   -  A flexible :ref:`message <MessagesChapter>` handler including routing of messages from any
      daemon back to the Director and automatic email reporting.

   -  Data spooling to disk during backup with subsequent write to tape from the spooled disk files.
      This prevents tape "shoe shine" during Incremental/Differential backups.

-  Advanced Support for most Storage Devices

   -  Autochanger support using a simple shell interface that can interface to virtually any
      autoloader program. A script for :command:`mtx` is provided.

   -  Support for autochanger barcodes – automatic tape labeling from barcodes.

   -  Automatic support for multiple autochanger magazines either using barcodes or by reading
      the tapes.

   -  Support for multiple drive autochangers.

   -  Raw device backup/restore. Restore must be to the same device.

   -  All Volume blocks contain a data checksum.

   -  Migration support – move data from one Pool to another or one Volume to another.

-  Multi-Operating System Support

   -  Programmed to handle arbitrarily long filenames and messages.

   -  Compression on a file by file basis done by the Client program if requested before network
      transit.

   -  Encryption on a file by file basis done by the Client program if requested before network

   -  Saves and restores POSIX ACLs and Extended Attributes on most OSes if enabled.

   -  Access control lists for Consoles that permit restricting user access to only their data.

   -  Support for save/restore of files larger than 2GB.

   -  Support ANSI and IBM tape labels.

   -  Support for Unicode filenames (e.g. Chinese) on Windows machines

   -  Consistent backup of open files on Windows systems using Volume Shadow Copy (VSS).

   -  Support for path/filename lengths of up to 64K on Windows machines
      (unlimited on Unix/Linux machines).

-  Miscellaneous

   -  Multi-threaded implementation.

Advantages Over Other Backup Programs
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

-  Bareos handles multi-volume backups.

-  A full comprehensive SQL standard database of all files backed up. This permits online viewing
   of files saved on any particular Volume.

-  Automatic pruning of the database (removal of old records) thus simplifying database
   administration.

-  The modular but integrated design makes Bareos very scalable.

-  Bareos has a built-in Job scheduler.

-  The Volume format is documented and there are simple C programs to read/write it.

-  Bareos uses well defined (IANA registered) TCP/IP ports – no rpcs, no shared memory.

-  Bareos installation and configuration is relatively simple compared to other comparable products.

-  Aside from several GUI administrative interfaces, Bareos has a comprehensive shell administrative
   interface, which allows the administrator to use tools such as ssh to administrate any part of
   Bareos from anywhere.

Current Implementation Restrictions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

:index:`\ <single: Restrictions; Current Implementation>`

.. _MultipleCatalogs:

Multiple Catalogs
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

It is possible to configure the Bareos Director to use multiple Catalogs. However, this is neither
advised, nor supported. Multiple catalogs require more management because in general you must know
what catalog contains what data, e.g. currently, all Pools are defined in each catalog.

-  Bareos can generally restore any backup made from one client to any other client. However, if the
   architecture is significantly different (i.e. 32 bit architecture to 64 bit or Windows to Unix),
   some restrictions may apply (e.g. Solaris door files do not exist on other Unix/Linux machines;
   there are reports that Zlib compression written with 64 bit machines does not always read
   correctly on a 32 bit machine).

.. _section-DesignLimitations:

Design Limitations or Restrictions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. index::
   single: Restrictions; Design Limitations
   single: Design; Limitations

-  Names (resource names, volume names, and such) defined in Bareos configuration files are limited
   to a fixed number of characters. Currently the limit is defined as 127 characters. Note, this
   does not apply to filenames, which may be arbitrarily long.

-  Command line input to some of the stand alone tools – e.g. :command:`btape`, :command:`bconsole`
   is restricted to several hundred characters maximum. Normally, this is not a restriction, except
   in the case of listing multiple Volume names for programs such as :command:`bscan`. To avoid this
   command line length restriction, please use a .bsr file to specify the Volume names.

-  Bareos configuration files for each of the components can be any length. However, the length of
   an individual line is limited to 500 characters after which it is truncated. If you need lines
   longer than 500 characters for directives such as ACLs where they permit a list of names are
   character strings simply specify multiple short lines repeating the directive on each line but
   with different list values.

Items to Note
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.. index::
   single: Items to Note

-  Bareos’s Differential and Incremental *normal* backups are based on time stamps. Consequently,
   if you move files into an existing directory or move a whole directory into the backup fileset
   after a Full backup, those files will probably not be backed up by an Incremental save because
   they will have old dates. This problem is corrected by using :ref:`Accurate mode <accuratemode>`
   backups or by explicitly updating the date/time stamp on all moved files.

-  In non Accurate mode, files deleted after a Full save will be included in a restoration. This is
   typical for most similar backup programs. To avoid this, use :ref:`Accurate mode <accuratemode>`
   backup.
